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Research papers on Air pollution and health

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  1. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019

    Gregory A. Roth, George A. Mensah, Catherine O. Johnson, et al. · 2020 · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 11,567 citations

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent case

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  2. Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect

    C. Arden Pope, Douglas W. Dockery · 2006 · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · 6,779 citations

    Efforts to understand and mitigate thehealth effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollutionhave a rich and interesting history. This review focuseson six substantial lines of research that have been pursued since 1997 that have helped elucidate our understanding about the effects of PM on human health. There hasbeen substantial progress in the evaluation of PM health effects at different time-scales of exposure and in the exploration of the shape of the concentration-response function. There has also been emerging evidence of PM-related cardiovascular health effects and growing knowledge regarding interconnected general pathophysiological pathways that link PM exposure with cardiopulmonary

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  3. Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review

    Ioannis Manisalidis, E. Stavropoulou, Agathangelos Stavropoulos, et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Public Health · 5,231 citations

    One of our era's greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change but also its impact on public and individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. There are many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter (PM), particles of variable but very small diameter, penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and cancer. Despite the fact that ozone in the stratosphere plays a protective role against ultraviolet irradiation, it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, also affecting the

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  5. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Admission for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases

    Francesca Dominici, Roger D. Peng, Michelle L. Bell, et al. · 2006 · JAMA · 2,696 citations

    CONTEXT: Evidence on the health risks associated with short-term exposure to fine particles (particulate matter < or =2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]) is limited. Results from the new national monitoring network for PM2.5 make possible systematic research on health risks at national and regional scales. OBJECTIVES: To estimate risks of cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5 for Medicare enrollees and to explore heterogeneity of the variation of risks across regions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A national database comprising daily time-series data daily for 1999 through 2002 on hospital admission rates (constructed fro

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  6. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality in 20 U.S. Cities, 1987–1994

    Jonathan M. Samet, Francesca Dominici, Frank C. Curriero, et al. · 2000 · New England Journal of Medicine · 2,194 citations

    BACKGROUND: Air pollution in cities has been linked to increased rates of mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries. Although these findings have helped lead to a tightening of air-quality standards, their validity with respect to public health has been questioned. METHODS: We assessed the effects of five major outdoor-air pollutants on daily mortality rates in 20 of the largest cities and metropolitan areas in the United States from 1987 to 1994. The pollutants were particulate matter that is less than 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. We used a two-stage analytic approach that pooled data from multipl

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  8. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review

    Gerard Hoek, Ranjini Krishnan, Rob Beelen, et al. · 2013 · Environmental Health · 1,880 citations

    Current day concentrations of ambient air pollution have been associated with a range of adverse health effects, particularly mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies on long-term exposure to fine and coarse particles, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and elemental carbon on mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. We also summarize the findings on potentially susceptible subgroups across studies. We identified studies through a search in the databases Medline and Scopus and previous reviews until January 2013 and performed a meta-analysis if more than five studies

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  11. Expert position paper on air pollution and cardiovascular disease

    David E. Newby, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Grethe S. Tell, et al. · 2014 · European Heart Journal · 1,287 citations

    Air pollution has wide-ranging and deleterious effects on human health and is a major issue for the global community. The Global Burden of Disease study has described the worldwide impact of air pollution with as many as 3.1 million of 52.8 million all-cause and all-age deaths being attributable to ambient air pollution in the year 2010.1 Moreover, ambient air pollution ranked ninth among the modifiable disease risk factors, being listed above other commonly recognized factors, such as low physical activity, a high-sodium diet, high cholesterol, and drug use. Finally, air pollution accounts for 3.1% of global disability-adjusted life years, an index that measures the time spent in states of

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  13. Breathing in danger: Understanding the multifaceted impact of air pollution on health impacts.

    Fu Chen, Wanyue Zhang, M. F. B. Mfarrej, et al. · 2024 · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 128 citations

    Air pollution, a pervasive environmental threat that spans urban and rural landscapes alike, poses significant risks to human health, exacerbating respiratory conditions, triggering cardiovascular problems, and contributing to a myriad of other health complications across diverse populations worldwide. This article delves into the multifarious impacts of air pollution, utilizing cutting-edge research methodologies and big data analytics to offer a comprehensive overview. It highlights the emergence of new pollutants, their sources, and characteristics, thereby broadening our understanding of contemporary air quality challenges. The detrimental health effects of air pollution are examined tho

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  14. PARTICULATE MATTER AIR POLLUTION IS A SIGNIFICANT RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE.

    R. J. Henning · 2023 · Current problems in cardiology · 89 citations

    Air pollution is responsible worldwide for 9-12 million deaths annually. The major contributor to air pollution is particulate matter ≤2.5 µg per cubic meter of air (PM2.5) from vehicles, industrial emissions, and wild fire smoke. US ambient air standards recommend annual average PM2.5 concentrations of ≤12 μg/m³ while European standards allow an average annual PM2.5 concentration of ≤20 μg/m3. However, significant PM2.5 cardiovascular and pulmonary health risks exist below these concentrations! Chronic PM2.5 exposure significantly increases major cardiovascular and pulmonary event risks in Americans by 8 to more than 20% for each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. PM2.5-induced increases in lipid

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  15. Air pollution and human health risks: mechanisms and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases

    H. Shahriyari, Yousef Nikmanesh, Saeid Jalali, et al. · 2021 · Toxin Reviews · 79 citations

    Abstract Nowadays one of the main agents morbidity and mortality, in worldwide, is exposure to air pollution. Based on reported health organization, air pollution is the second most important factor in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and chronic diseases. The main source which has been found to exert harmful effects on human are particle matter (PM), Ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfide dioxide (SO2), metals, and polyaromantic hydrocarbon (PAHs). The purpose of this review was the epidemiological literature on the health endpoint of exposure to air pollutants has on cardiovascular diseases (HACD) and respiratory diseases (HARD). About 1125 papers were retrieved according to various da

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  16. The Effect of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Seasonal Temperature on Hospital Admissions with Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disease in the United States: a Difference-in-Differences Analysis

    M. Yazdi, Yaguang Wei, Q. Di, et al. · 2022 · The Science of the total environment · 62 citations

    Background Few studies have simultaneously examined the effect of long-term exposure to air pollution and ambient temperature on the rate of hospital admissions with cardiovascular and respiratory disease using causal inference methods. Methods We used a variation of a difference-in-difference (DID) approach to assess the effects of long-term exposure to warm-season temperature, cold-season temperature, NO2, O3, and PM2.5 on the rate of hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease (CVD), myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and respiratory diseases from 2001 to 2016 among Medicare beneficiaries who use fee-for-service programs. We computed the rate of admissions by zip code and yea

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  17. Assessing Adverse Health Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low Levels of Ambient Air Pollution: The HEI Experience and What’s Next?

    H. Boogaard, Dan L. Crouse, Eva Tanner, et al. · 2024 · Environmental Science & Technology · 48 citations

    Although concentrations of ambient air pollution continue to decline in high-income regions, epidemiological studies document adverse health effects at levels below current standards in many countries. The Health Effects Institute (HEI) recently completed a comprehensive research initiative to investigate the health effects of long-term exposure to low levels of air pollution in the United States (U.S.), Canada, and Europe. We provide an overview and synthesis of the results of this initiative along with other key research, the strengths and limitations of the research, and remaining research needs. The three studies funded through the HEI initiative estimated the effects of long-term ambien

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  18. Global, regional, and national mortality burden attributable to air pollution from landscape fires: a health impact assessment study.

    Rongbin Xu, Tingting Ye, Wenzhong Huang, et al. · 2024 · Lancet · 47 citations

    BACKGROUND Landscape fire-sourced (LFS) air pollution is an increasing public health concern in the context of climate change. However, little is known about the attributable global, regional, and national mortality burden related to LFS air pollution. METHODS We calculated country-specific population-weighted average daily and annual LFS fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and surface ozone (O3) during 2000-19 from a validated dataset. We obtained the relative risks (RRs) for both short-term and long-term impact of LFS PM2·5 and O3 on all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. The short-term RRs were pooled from community-specific standard time-series regressions in 2267 communitie

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  20. Short-term associations between fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 337 cities in Latin America

    Nelson Gouveia, Jordan L Rodriguez-Hernandez, Josiah L. Kephart, et al. · 2024 · The Science of the Total Environment · 45 citations

    Ambient air pollution is a health concern in Latin America given its large urban population exposed to levels above recommended guidelines. Yet no studies have examined the mortality impact of air pollutants in the region across a wide range of cities. We assessed whether short-term levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from modeled estimates, are associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality among adults in 337 cities from 9 Latin American countries. We compiled mortality, PM2.5 and temperature data for the period 2009–2015. For each city, we evaluated the association between monthly changes in PM2.5 and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality for sex and age subgroups using

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  21. Air pollution and its impacts on health: Focus on microplastics and nanoplastics.

    Yung-Li Wang, Yen-Chung Lin, Wen-Chih Liu, et al. · 2025 · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 38 citations

    Air pollution represents a significant public health concern, contributing to approximately 6.7 million premature deaths annually. Among the various pollutants, particulate matter (PM)2.5, emitted from fossil fuel combustion, poses a significant health risk. It induces oxidative stress and increases respiratory and cardiovascular disease risk. Recently, particulate plastics, classified as microplastics (MPs) (less than 5 mm) or nanoplastics (NPs) (less than 1 μm), have been identified as environmental contaminants. It has been demonstrated that plastic particles, including MPs and NPs, can gain access to the human body via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact, resulting in various adver

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  22. Economic and Public Health Impacts of Transportation-Driven Air Pollution in South Asia

    Saman Janaranjana Herath Bandara, N. Thilakarathne · 2025 · Sustainability · 36 citations

    South Asia, a rapidly urbanizing and industrializing region, faces critical air quality challenges, with transportation emissions becoming a major source of urban pollution. These emissions contribute significantly to public health issues, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, while imposing substantial economic burdens on affected populations. This study aims to examine regional trends, evaluate the economic impact of transportation-driven air pollution, and offer actionable insights for policy development. Using a narrative review approach, the study synthesizes evidence on air quality, transportation emissions, and public health in major South Asian cities. Key findings revea

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  24. Air Pollution-Induced Neurotoxicity: The Relationship Between Air Pollution, Epigenetic Changes, and Neurological Disorders

    S. Kalenik, Agnieszka Zaczek, Aleksandra Rodacka · 2025 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 30 citations

    Air pollution is a major global health threat, responsible for over 8 million deaths in 2021, including 700,000 fatalities among children under the age of five. It is currently the second leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Key pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide, have significant adverse effects on human health, contributing to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Among these, particulate matter poses the most significant threat due to its highly complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds with diverse sizes, compositions, and origi

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