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Research papers on Long COVID

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  1. Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms

    Amy D. Proal, Michael B. VanElzakker · 2021 · Frontiers in Microbiology · 883 citations

    The novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Across the globe, a subset of patients who sustain an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are developing a wide range of persistent symptoms that do not resolve over the course of many months. These patients are being given the diagnosis Long COVID or Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). It is likely that individual patients with a PASC diagnosis have different underlying biological factors driving their symptoms, none of which are mutually exclusive. This paper details mechanisms by which RNA viruses beyond just SARS-CoV-2 have be connected to long-term health

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  2. Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus

    Betty Raman, David A. Bluemke, Thomas Felix Lüscher, et al. · 2022 · European Heart Journal · 653 citations

    Emerging as a new epidemic, long COVID or post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a condition characterized by the persistence of COVID-19 symptoms beyond 3 months, is anticipated to substantially alter the lives of millions of people globally. Cardiopulmonary symptoms including chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and autonomic manifestations such as postural orthostatic tachycardia are common and associated with significant disability, heightened anxiety, and public awareness. A range of cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities has been reported among patients beyond the acute phase and include myocardial inflammation, myocardial infarction, right ventricular dysfunction,

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  3. Prevalence of symptoms, comorbidities, fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in individuals with Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)

    Etheresia Pretorius, Chantelle Venter, Gert Jacobus Laubscher, et al. · 2022 · Cardiovascular Diabetology · 253 citations

    BACKGROUND: Fibrin(ogen) amyloid microclots and platelet hyperactivation previously reported as a novel finding in South African patients with the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) and Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), might form a suitable set of foci for the clinical treatment of the symptoms of Long COVID/PASC. A Long COVID/PASC Registry was subsequently established as an online platform where patients can report Long COVID/PASC symptoms and previous comorbidities. METHODS: In this study, we report on the comorbidities and persistent symptoms, using data obtained from 845 South African Long COVID/PASC patients. By using a previously published scoring system for fibrin a

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  4. Unraveling the Mystery Surrounding Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

    Rakhee Kizhuvappat Ramakrishnan, Tarek Kashour, Qutayba A. Hamid, et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Immunology · 235 citations

    More than one year since its emergence, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still looming large with a paucity of treatment options. To add to this burden, a sizeable subset of patients who have recovered from acute COVID-19 infection have reported lingering symptoms, leading to significant disability and impairment of their daily life activities. These patients are considered to suffer from what has been termed as "chronic" or "long" COVID-19 or a form of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, and patients experiencing this syndrome have been termed COVID-19 long-haulers. Despite recovery from infection, the persistence of atypical chronic symptoms, including extreme fatigue, shortness of bre

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  5. Myalgia as a symptom at hospital admission by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain as long-term post-COVID sequelae: a case-control study

    César Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, Jorge Rodríguez‐Jiménez, Stella Fuensalida‐Novo, et al. · 2021 · Pain · 73 citations

    ABSTRACT: This study investigated the association between COVID-related myalgia experienced by patients at hospital admission and the presence of post-COVID symptoms. A case-control study including patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 between February 20 and May 31, 2020, was conducted. Patients reporting myalgia and patients without myalgia at hospital admission were scheduled for a telephone interview 7 months after hospital discharge. Hospitalisation and clinical data were collected from medical records. A list of post-COVID symptoms with attention to musculoskeletal pain was evaluated. Anxiety and depressive symptoms, and sleep quality were likewise assessed. From a total of 1200 hospit

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  6. Deep Dive into the Long Haul: Analysis of Symptom Clusters and Risk Factors for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 to Inform Clinical Care

    Nicole Hamilton Goldhaber, Jordan N. Kohn, William Scott Ogan, et al. · 2022 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · 44 citations

    Long COVID is a chronic condition characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive impairment that persist or relapse months after an acute infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Many distinct symptoms have been attributed to Long COVID; however, little is known about the potential clustering of these symptoms and risk factors that may predispose patients to certain clusters. In this study, an electronic survey was sent to patients in the UC San Diego Health (UCSDH) system who tested positive for COVID-19, querying if patients were experiencing symptoms consistent with Long COVID. Based on survey results, along with patient demographics reported in the electronic health record

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  8. A Scoping Review on Long COVID-19: Physiological and Psychological Symptoms Post-Acute, Long-Post and Persistent Post COVID-19

    Krishna Mohan Surapaneni, Manmohan Singhal, Sofia Rani Saggu, et al. · 2022 · Healthcare · 15 citations

    Background: The identification of persistent symptoms of chronic/long COVID-19 is crucial in understanding the management of long haulers of post COVID-19. Methods: Pub Med (Medline) database was scoped for original articles based on a search strategy related to the objectives. The selected articles post-screening were analyzed for variables relating to chronic/long COVID-19. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 33 studies were reviewed. A total of 60% of the studies were observational studies and most of them were from high income countries. Almost half of the studies were in phase 3 of post-COVID-19, i.e., symptoms lasting >24 weeks. Among the physiologic

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  9. Potential of Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) in the Management of Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and Persistent COVID-19 Symptoms – An Insight

    Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, Abdurazak Hassan Jumale, Ibrahim Ramadan Barakat, et al. · 2023 · Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets · 8 citations

    BACKGROUND: Some individuals may experience symptoms persisting for many months after the recovery from COVID-19 and patients with Long COVID are managed mainly with symptomatic treatment and supportive care. OBJECTIVE: This review article focuses on the beneficial effects of black seeds (Nigella sativa) in the management of long COVID and persistent COVID symptoms. METHODS: The literature was searched in databases such as LitCOVID, Web of Science, Google Scholar, bioRxiv, medRxiv, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, Embase, and reference lists to identify studies, which evaluated various effects of black seeds (N. sativa) related to signs and symptoms of long COVID. RESULTS: Black seeds (N. sati

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  11. Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Checklist (PASC-C): a screening tool for Long COVID physical, psychological, and cognitive symptoms.

    Daniela Mancini, Marina Maffoni, Valeria Torlaschi, et al. · 2024 · Annali dell Istituto Superiore di Sanità · 2 citations

    BACKGROUND: The management of Long COVID symptoms is necessary. This study proposes a screening tool for psycho-physical COVID-19 sequelae. Patients' experiences after COVID-19 are also described. METHOD: 84 COVID-19 patients (66.2±11.0 years old; 71.4% male) underwent a phone interview 1-2 years after the disease using the ad-hoc "Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Checklist (PASC-C)". It explores 30 physical, psychological, and cognitive symptoms clustered into 10 areas, with possible clinical recommendations in case of high severity scores (>50) of a symptom or the presence of two or more ones within the same area. RESULTS: Overall, fatigue (69%), dyspnea (52.4%), memory disturbances (44%),

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  12. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccination, affected on post-acute-COVID-19-sequelae symptoms (long COVID-19)

    Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn, Porntep Siriwanarangsun · 2022 · Journal of Human Virology & Retrovirology

    no significantly statistical differences. 2Among PASC participants, they revealed the median half-life of RBD-and spike-binding IgG levels of 181 (95 % CI : 147-230) and 233 (95 % CI : 183-324) days, whereas among those without PASC demonstrated 144 (95 % CI : 113-196) and 170 (95 % CI: 125-252) days, respectively. 2 ConclusionIn conclusion, the majority of PASC patients were well tolerated to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine and have good immunogenicity.However, further investigations are urgently needed to confirm the COVID-19-vaccine-related strong evidence on improvement of PASC symptoms.

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  14. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in residents in long-term care homes: Examining symptoms and recovery over time

    Gordana Rajlic, Janice Sorensen, Benajir Shams, et al. · 2025 · PLoS ONE

    BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has been studied extensively since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the population of long-term care (LTC) home residents, however, information about PCC and recovery after the acute phase of COVID-19 is lacking. This study contributes evidence about symptoms over time in 459 residents in nine Canadian LTC homes. METHODS: In a comprehensive retrospective chart review, we recorded medical symptoms in a 4-week period before contracting COVID-19 ("PRE-COVID") and during 24 weeks after contracting infection (a 4-week "ACUTE-COVID" period and five subsequent 4-week periods "POST1-5"). We investigated the number and type of symptoms over time, ex

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  16. Post-Acute-COVID-19-Illness Neuropsychiatric Sequelae

    Attapon Cheepsattayakorn · 2021 · Open Access Journal of Pulmonary & Respiratory Sciences

    Direct viral invasion, neurodegeneration, microvascular thrombosis, neuroinflammation, and severe systemic inflammation can be the causes of post-acute-COVID-19- illness neuropathology [1-4], supported by brain parenchyma and vessel changes of possibly driven inflammation in neurons, supportive cells, and brain vasculature in COVID-19 autopsy series [5,6]. A role in persistent brain effects of SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) may be played by an accumulation of memory T cells, a biomarker of immunosenescence in tissue injury and aging, accompanying with the decreased ability to respond to new antigens that are demonstrated in chronic low-level brain inflammation [7].

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  19. Effect of COVID Vaccine on Long COVID: An Observational Study on Hospitalised Patients in North India

    Sandeep Budhiraja, Abhaya Indrayan, Monica Mahajan · 2024 · Effect of COVID Vaccine on Long COVID: An Observational Study on Hospitalised Patients in North India

    We know that vaccination reduces the risk of hospitalisation and death but how these vaccines impact long-COVID is under debate. The current study analyses the patterns of long-COVID amongst vaccinated and unvaccinated hospitalised patients during the three waves in India. From the computerised medical records of COVID patients admitted to a group of hospitals in and around Delhi every 3rd case of wave-1 and wave-2 and all cases of wave-3 were telephonically contacted in April 2022 for symptoms and their duration of long-COVID and their vaccination status. Of the 6676 contacted, 6056 (90.7%) responded. These were compared for two groups: fully vaccinated (913) and unvaccinated at the time of

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  20. Age Differences in Becoming COVID Long-Haulers and in Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2

    Qiao Wu, Eileen Crimmins · 2021 · Innovation in Aging

    People who have had COVID-19 can suffer from the continuation of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as “long COVID”, for months after infection. Understanding PASC is important for treatment, care, and projecting future health of the population. Since older adults are at higher risk of severe illness and consequences from COVID, we hypothesize that they are more likely to become COVID long-haulers and report more symptoms at the time of diagnosis and three months after. We use a nationally representative sample of adults from the Understanding America Study COVID-19 Survey, from March to December 2020, to estimate the prevalence of long COVID and identify the most common lo

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  21. Post-acute COVID-19 gastrointestinal sequelae: Mechanisms of persistent dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and emerging long-COVID phenotypes

    Ahmed Salman · 2026 · World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases

    Post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome (long COVID) affects 10%-30% of survivors and commonly presents with prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms, including chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms, and functional dyspepsia that may persist beyond 12 months. Gut dysbiosis-the depletion of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing commensals, such as Fae calibacterium prausnitzii and the enrichment of proinflammatory taxa, such as Ruminococcus gnavus -has been proposed as a central mechanism alongside intestinal barrier dysfunction, mucosal immune dysregulation, and persistent systemic inflammation. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infects intestina

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