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Research papers on Neuroplasticity and learning

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  3. Neuroplasticity and brain repair after stroke

    Steven C. Cramer, Jeffrey D. Riley · 2008 · Current Opinion in Neurology · 182 citations

    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review considers recent insights into the neurobiology of repair after stroke in animals and humans, the range of emerging therapies to promote repair and recovery after the acute phase of stroke, and issues related to optimizing trials of such therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Animal studies continue to shed light on the molecular, vascular, glial, neuronal, behavioral, and environmental events that are important to the spontaneous behavioral recovery that is observed during the weeks after a stroke. Animal and human studies are examining a wide range of potential interventions that may favorably modify outcome, including small molecules, growth factors, cell-based approac

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  4. Neural bases of recovery after brain injury

    R. Nudo · 2011 · Journal of communication disorders · 163 citations

    Substantial data have accumulated over the past decade indicating that the adult brain is capable of substantial structural and functional reorganization after stroke. While some limited recovery is known to occur spontaneously, especially within the first month post-stroke, there is currently significant optimism that new interventions based on the modulation of neuroplasticity mechanisms will provide greater functional benefits in a larger population of stroke survivors. To place this information in the context of current thinking about brain plasticity, this review outlines the basic theories of why spontaneous recovery occurs, and introduces important principles to explain the effects of

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  5. Endocrine regulation of cognition and neuroplasticity: Our pursuit to unveil the complex interaction between hormones, the brain, and behaviour.

    Liisa A.M. Galea, Kristina A. Uban, Jonathan R. Epp, et al. · 2008 · Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale · 140 citations

    Gonadal and stress hormones modulate neuroplasticity and behaviour. This review focuses on our findings over the past decade on the effects of estrogens and androgens on hippocampal neurogenesis, hippocampus-dependent learning and memory and the effects of reproductive experience in the rodent. Evidence suggests that acute estradiol initially enhances and subsequently suppresses cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of adult female rodents. Repeated exposure to estradiol modulates hippocampal neurogenesis and cell death in adult female, but not male, rodents while, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone upregulate hippocampal neurogenesis in adult male rodents. Estradiol dose-dependently aff

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  6. From Embryo to Adult: Persistent Neurogenesis and Apoptotic Cell Death Shape the Lobster Deutocerebrum

    S. Harzsch, Julie M. Miller, J. Benton, et al. · 1999 · The Journal of Neuroscience · 134 citations

    Neuronal plasticity and synaptic remodeling play important roles during the development of the invertebrate nervous system. In addition, structural neuroplasticity as a result of long-term environmental changes, behavioral modifications, age, and experience have been demonstrated in the brains of sexually mature insects. In adult vertebrates, persistent neurogenesis is found in the granule cell layer of the mammalian hippocampus and the subventricular zone, as well as in the telencephalon of songbirds, indicating that persistent neurogenesis, which is presumably related to plasticity and learning, may be an integral part of the normal biology of the mature brain. In decapod crustaceans, pers

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  7. How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity

    Alicja Małgorzata Olszewska, Maciej Gaca, Aleksandra Maria Herman, et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Neuroscience · 133 citations

    Learning to play a musical instrument is a complex task that integrates multiple sensory modalities and higher-order cognitive functions. Therefore, musical training is considered a useful framework for the research on training-induced neuroplasticity. However, the classical nature-or-nurture question remains, whether the differences observed between musicians and non-musicians are due to predispositions or result from the training itself. Here we present a review of recent publications with strong focus on experimental designs to better understand both brain reorganization and the neuronal markers of predispositions when learning to play a musical instrument. Cross-sectional studies identif

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  8. Brain Neuroplasticity Leveraging Virtual Reality and Brain–Computer Interface Technologies

    Athanasios S. Drigas, Angeliki Sideraki · 2024 · Sensors · 128 citations

    This study explores neuroplasticity through the use of virtual reality (VR) and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections in response to learning, experience, and injury. VR offers a controlled environment to manipulate sensory inputs, while BCIs facilitate real-time monitoring and modulation of neural activity. By combining VR and BCI, researchers can stimulate specific brain regions, trigger neurochemical changes, and influence cognitive functions such as memory, perception, and motor skills. Key findings indicate that VR and BCI interventions are promising for rehabilitation therapies, treatment of phobi

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  10. Neuroplasticity, Psychosocial Genomics, and the Biopsychosocial Paradigm in the 21st Century

    E. Garland, M. Howard · 2009 · Health & social work · 113 citations

    The biopsychosocial perspective is a foundation of social work theory and practice. Recent research on neuroplasticity and psychosocial genomics lends compelling support to this perspective by elucidating mechanisms through which psychosocial forces shape neurobiology. Investigations of neuroplasticity demonstrate that the adult brain can continue to form novel neural connections and grow new neurons in response to learning or training even into old age. These findings are complemented by the contributions of psychosocial genomics, a field of scientific inquiry that explores the modulating effects of experience on gene expression. Findings from these new sciences provide external validation

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  11. Neuroplasticity

    Moheb Costandi · 2016 · The MIT Press eBooks · 113 citations

    The real story of how our brains and nervous systems change throughout our lifetimes—with or without “brain training.” Fifty years ago, neuroscientists thought that a mature brain was fixed like a fly in amber, unable to change. Today, we know that our brains and nervous systems change throughout our lifetimes. This concept of neuroplasticity has captured the imagination of a public eager for self-improvement—and has inspired countless Internet entrepreneurs who peddle dubious “brain training” games and apps. In this book, Moheb Costandi offers a concise and engaging overview of neuroplasticity for the general reader, describing how our brains change continuously in response to our actions a

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  12. A cycling lane for brain rewiring

    C. Lunghi, Alessandro Sale · 2015 · Current biology : CB · 109 citations

    Summary Brain plasticity, defined as the capability of cerebral neurons to change in response to experience, is fundamental for behavioral adaptability, learning, memory, functional development, and neural repair. The visual cortex is a widely used model for studying neuroplasticity and the underlying mechanisms. Plasticity is maximal in early development, within the so-called critical period, while its levels abruptly decline in adulthood [1]. Recent studies, however, have revealed a significant residual plastic potential of the adult visual cortex by showing that, in adult humans, short-term monocular deprivation alters ocular dominance by homeostatically boosting responses to the deprived

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  13. Augmenting NMDA receptor signaling boosts experience-dependent neuroplasticity in the adult human brain

    Jennifer K. Forsyth, Peter Bachman, Daniel H. Mathalon, et al. · 2015 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 78 citations

    Experience-dependent plasticity is a fundamental property of the brain. It is critical for everyday function, is impaired in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, and frequently depends on long-term potentiation (LTP). Preclinical studies suggest that augmenting N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling may promote experience-dependent plasticity; however, a lack of noninvasive methods has limited our ability to test this idea in humans until recently. We examined the effects of enhancing NMDAR signaling using d-cycloserine (DCS) on a recently developed LTP EEG paradigm that uses high-frequency visual stimulation (HFvS) to induce neural potentiation in visual cortex neuron

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  14. Functional and Dysfunctional Neuroplasticity in Learning to Cope with Stress

    Simona Cabib, Paolo Campus, David Conversi, et al. · 2020 · Brain Sciences · 33 citations

    In this brief review, we present evidence of the primary role of learning-associated plasticity in the development of either adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies. Successful interactions with novel stressors foster plasticity within the neural circuits supporting acquisition, consolidation, retrieval, and extinction of instrumental learning leading to development of a rich repertoire of flexible and context-specific adaptive coping responses, whereas prolonged or repeated exposure to inescapable/uncontrollable stressors fosters dysfunctional plasticity within the learning circuits leading to perseverant and inflexible maladaptive coping strategies. Finally, the results collected using a

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  15. Brain-Inspired Multisensory Learning: A Systematic Review of Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Outcomes in Adult Multicultural and Second Language Acquisition

    Evgenia Gkintoni, Stephanos P. Vassilopoulos, Georgios Nikolaou · 2025 · Biomimetics · 32 citations

    Background: Multicultural education and second-language acquisition engaged neural networks, supporting executive function, memory, and social cognition in adulthood, represent powerful forms of brain-inspired multisensory learning. The neuroeducational framework integrates neuroscience with pedagogical practice to understand how linguistically and culturally rich environments drive neuroplasticity and cognitive adaptation in adult learners. Objective: This systematic review synthesizes findings from 80 studies examining neuroplasticity and cognitive outcomes in adults undergoing multicultural and second-language acquisition, focusing on underlying neural mechanisms and educational effective

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  16. Altered neuronal architecture and plasticity in the visual cortex of adult MMP-3-deficient mice

    J. Aerts, J. Nys, L. Moons, et al. · 2014 · Brain Structure and Function · 29 citations

    Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are Zn2+-dependent endopeptidases considered to be essential for normal brain development and neuroplasticity by modulating extracellular matrix proteins, receptors, adhesion molecules, growth factors and cytoskeletal proteins. Specifically, MMP-3 has recently been implicated in synaptic plasticity, hippocampus-dependent learning and neuronal development and migration in the cerebellum. However, the function(s) of this enzyme in the neocortex is understudied. Therefore, we explored the phenotypical characteristics of the neuronal architecture and the capacity for experience-dependent cortical plasticity in the visual cortex of adult MMP-3-deficient (MMP-3−/−)

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  19. Experience-Dependent Neuroplasticity in the Hippocampus of Bilingual Young Adults

    Federico Gallo, Toms Voits, Jason Rothman, et al. · 2025 · eNeuro · 6 citations

    Models of experience-dependent neuroplasticity predict that the acquisition and extensive use of a new skill trigger a nonlinear trajectory of neurostructural modifications, where initial expansion of relevant brain areas subsequently (once the skill is acquired) gives way to volumetric renormalization. Such predictions also apply in the domain of language during learning and/or simultaneous management of two (or more) linguistic systems. In a sample of 69 young adult Russian-English bilinguals, we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in bilingual engagement nonlinearly correlate with normalized volume of the hippocampus-a key learning-related brain region particularly amenable

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  21. Network Supervision of Adult Experience and Learning Dependent Sensory Cortical Plasticity

    D. Blake · 2017 · Comprehensive Physiology · 4 citations

    The brain is capable of remodeling throughout life. The sensory cortices provide a useful preparation for studying neuroplasticity both during development and thereafter. In adulthood, sensory cortices change in the cortical area activated by behaviorally relevant stimuli, by the strength of response within that activated area, and by the temporal profiles of those responses. Evidence supports forms of unsupervised, reinforcement, and fully supervised network learning rules. Studies on experience‐dependent plasticity have mostly not controlled for learning, and they find support for unsupervised learning mechanisms. Changes occur with greatest ease in neurons containing α‐CamKII, which are p

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  22. Understanding adult neurogenesis beyond its role in learning and memory formation

    A. Wani · 2017 · Educación Médica · 2 citations

    There has been a shift in the understanding of brain, neurons, and their functional role over the last two decades. Earlier it was believed that the brain was a static organ and was not subject to any change throughout life. An understanding was developed later that brain reorganizes its structure by a specific property called neuroplasticity. Recent research shows that the brain generates new neurons even in the adult stage, and this process is called adult neurogenesis. Although researchers still not have all the answers about the newborn neurons, and why and how they are generated, and what is their role, some have highlighted the importance of these in learning and memory formation, and

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  24. The Tuned Cortex: Convergent Expertise-Related Structural and Functional Remodeling across the Adult Lifespan

    Erik A. Wing, Jordan A. Chad, G. Mariotti, et al. · 2026 · The Journal of Neuroscience · 1 citations

    Neuroplasticity is a defining property of the brain. Structural and functional brain changes arise soon after learning and are particularly evident following years of practice that underpin expert performance. Much existing evidence comes from work on individual measures of learning rather than interrelated processes. However, the relationship between structural remodeling, functional tuning, and processing domain-specific stimuli is central to how the brain and behavior adapt with experience. Here, we provide a multimodal view of cortical reorganization in a domain for which high-level perception, attention, and memory are shaped through extensive practice: bird identification expertise. In

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