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Research papers on Ocean acidification

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  1. Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes

    Victoria J. Fabry, Brad A. Seibel, Richard A. Feely, et al. · 2008 · ICES Journal of Marine Science · 2,040 citations

    Abstract Fabry, V. J., Seibel, B. A., Feely, R. A., and Orr, J. C. 2008. Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 414–432. Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is altering the seawater chemistry of the world’s oceans with consequences for marine biota. Elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is causing the calcium carbonate saturation horizon to shoal in many regions, particularly in high latitudes and regions that intersect with pronounced hypoxic zones. The ability of marine animals, most importantly pteropod molluscs, foraminifera, and some benthic invertebrates, to produce calcareous skeletal structures

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  2. Ocean Acidification and Its Potential Effects on Marine Ecosystems

    John Guinotte, Victoria J. Fabry · 2008 · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 702 citations

    Ocean acidification is rapidly changing the carbonate system of the world oceans. Past mass extinction events have been linked to ocean acidification, and the current rate of change in seawater chemistry is unprecedented. Evidence suggests that these changes will have significant consequences for marine taxa, particularly those that build skeletons, shells, and tests of biogenic calcium carbonate. Potential changes in species distributions and abundances could propagate through multiple trophic levels of marine food webs, though research into the long-term ecosystem impacts of ocean acidification is in its infancy. This review attempts to provide a general synthesis of known and/or hypothesi

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  3. The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

    Scott C. Doney, D. Shallin Busch, Sarah R. Cooley, et al. · 2020 · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · 683 citations

    Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture and land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO 2 and inorganic carbon levels; reductions in pH; and alterations in acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, and surface open-ocean waters. On the basis of laboratory experiments and field studies of naturally elevated CO 2 marine environments, widespread biological impacts of human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging from changes in organism physiology and population dynamics to altered communities and ecosystems. Acidification, in conjunction with other climate change–related environ

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  4. The Effect of Ocean Acidification on Calcifying Organisms in Marine Ecosystems: An Organism-to-Ecosystem Perspective

    Gretchen E. Hofmann, James Barry, Peter J. Edmunds, et al. · 2010 · Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics · 534 citations

    Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, poses a serious threat to marine organisms in tropical, open-ocean, coastal, deep-sea, and high-latitude sea ecosystems. The diversity of taxonomic groups that precipitate calcium carbonate from seawater are at particularly high risk. Here we review the rapidly expanding literature concerning the biological and ecological impacts of OA on calcification, using a cross-scale, process-oriented approach. In comparison to calcification, we find that areas such as fertilization, early life-history stages, and interaction with synergistic stressors are understudied. Although understanding the long-term consequences o

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  5. Hypoxia and acidification in ocean ecosystems: coupled dynamics and effects on marine life

    Christopher J. Gobler, Hannes Baumann · 2016 · Biology Letters · 352 citations

    There is increasing recognition that low dissolved oxygen (DO) and low pH conditions co-occur in many coastal and open ocean environments. Within temperate ecosystems, these conditions not only develop seasonally as temperatures rise and metabolic rates accelerate, but can also display strong diurnal variability, especially in shallow systems where photosynthetic rates ameliorate hypoxia and acidification by day. Despite the widespread, global co-occurrence of low pH and low DO and the likelihood that these conditions may negatively impact marine life, very few studies have actually assessed the extent to which the combination of both stressors elicits additive, synergistic or antagonistic e

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  6. Divergent ecosystem responses within a benthic marine community to ocean acidification

    Kristy J. Kroeker, Fiorenza Micheli, María Cristina Gambi, et al. · 2011 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 351 citations

    Ocean acidification is predicted to impact all areas of the oceans and affect a diversity of marine organisms. However, the diversity of responses among species prevents clear predictions about the impact of acidification at the ecosystem level. Here, we used shallow water CO(2) vents in the Mediterranean Sea as a model system to examine emergent ecosystem responses to ocean acidification in rocky reef communities. We assessed in situ benthic invertebrate communities in three distinct pH zones (ambient, low, and extreme low), which differed in both the mean and variability of seawater pH along a continuous gradient. We found fewer taxa, reduced taxonomic evenness, and lower biomass in the ex

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  7. Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems

    Khan M. G. Mostofa, Cong‐Qiang Liu, Weidong Zhai, et al. · 2016 · Biogeosciences · 137 citations

    Abstract. Ocean acidification, a complex phenomenon that lowers seawater pH, is the net outcome of several contributions. They include the dissolution of increasing atmospheric CO2 that adds up with dissolved inorganic carbon (dissolved CO2, H2CO3, HCO3−, and CO32−) generated upon mineralization of primary producers (PP) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The aquatic processes leading to inorganic carbon are substantially affected by increased DOM and nutrients via terrestrial runoff, acidic rainfall, increased PP and algal blooms, nitrification, denitrification, sulfate reduction, global warming (GW), and by atmospheric CO2 itself through enhanced photosynthesis. They are consecutively ass

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  8. The challenges of detecting and attributing ocean acidification impacts on marine ecosystems

    Steve S. Doo, Andrea K. Kealoha, Andreas J. Andersson, et al. · 2020 · ICES Journal of Marine Science · 65 citations

    Abstract A substantial body of research now exists demonstrating sensitivities of marine organisms to ocean acidification (OA) in laboratory settings. However, corresponding in situ observations of marine species or ecosystem changes that can be unequivocally attributed to anthropogenic OA are limited. Challenges remain in detecting and attributing OA effects in nature, in part because multiple environmental changes are co-occurring with OA, all of which have the potential to influence marine ecosystem responses. Furthermore, the change in ocean pH since the industrial revolution is small relative to the natural variability within many systems, making it difficult to detect, and in some case

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  9. Effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems

    AF Vézina, Ove Hoegh‐Guldberg · 2008 · Marine Ecology Progress Series · 60 citations

    Although the potential for increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations to affect ocean pH and marine calcification rates has been known for decades, the issue came to the fore following the Ocean in a High CO 2 World symposium (Orr et al. 2005a).Ocean acidification has recently been the subject of several high-profile publications (Caldeira & Wickett 2003, Orr et al. 2005b), comprehensive priority-setting assessments (Royal Society 2005, Kleypas et al. 2006), and numerous articles in the mass media.Despite the serious implications of ocean acidification for marine ecosystems, thorough scientific investigation of this problem is only just beginning.It is accepted that average global ocean pH ha

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  15. Impact of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and the Marine Ecosystems in Phillipines

    Amihan Althea · 2023 · International Journal of Natural Sciences · 3 citations

    Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs and the marine ecosystems in phillipines Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library Findings: Ocean

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  16. The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems

    Haochen Sun · 2024 · Science and Technology of Engineering Chemistry and Environmental Protection · 2 citations

    Ocean acidification, driven by increased atmospheric CO2 levels, poses significant threats to marine ecosystems, affecting biodiversity, species interactions, and overall ocean health. As CO2 is absorbed by seawater, it lowers the pH, resulting in detrimental effects on marine life. This study employs a comprehensive meta-analysis of existing literature to assess the ecological consequences of acidification on key marine organisms, such as corals and shellfish, while also examining the broader implications for marine food webs and fisheries. The findings reveal that ocean acidification leads to decreased calcification rates, altered species composition, and disrupted trophic dynamics, which

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  17. Impacts of global warming on marine ecosystems: Ocean acidification and fish catches

    Liu Ziqi · 2024 · Applied and Computational Engineering · 2 citations

    The temperature of the earth has been increasing since the industrial revolution. In recent years, global warming has become more and more severe, so as to the warmer ocean. This paper focus on the response of the oceans to the global warming in physical, chemical, and biological. Under the current climate of global warming, the oceans play a huge mitigating role as thermal containers. And the oceans are also the largest carbon sink in the world. This leads to a serious pollution, ocean acidification, which may change the physical and chemical processes of the ocean and affect the environment of marine life. In the meantime, we point out that the nature internal variability also has great im

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  18. Climate Change and Ocean Acidification: Unraveling the Complex Interactions and Implications for Marine Ecosystems

    Mohammed Samiullah, Roufa Khanum · 2024 · International Journal of Natural Sciences · 1 citations

    Purpose: The study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between ocean acidification and climate change, providing insights into their impacts on marine ecosystems. It seeks to identify sources of greenhouse gases, assess reef vulnerability, and analyze temperature changes' effects on marine biodiversity. Methodology: Quantitative research methods are employed, utilizing data from Bangladesh, the USA, India, and the UK. Dynamic patterns in coral reef health, ocean acidification, greenhouse gas emissions, and marine ecosystem health are assessed between 2019 and 2023. Qualitative analysis supplements the quantitative findings, enhancing understanding of climate change's impacts on ma

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  19. Ocean Acidification: Impacts on Marine Ecosystems

    Kato Jumba K. · 2025 · Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research

    Ocean acidification, driven primarily by increased atmospheric CO₂ absorption, is one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. This paper examines the chemical mechanisms underlying acidification, its historical trends, and the widespread implications for marine organisms and ecosystems. It examines physiological and ecological effects on species ranging from microscopic plankton to coral reefs and addresses broader ecosystem-level disruptions and their cascading impacts. The socioeconomic implications, particularly for coastal communities and fisheries, are evaluated alongside mitigation strategies and the importance of long-term research and monitoring. The study undersco

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  20. The Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Organisms and Food Webs

    Dr. Arasuraja Ganesan · 2025 · Aquatic Ecosystems and Environmental Frontiers

    Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of the increasing rate at which anthropogenic CO2 is being taken up by the oceans, stands as one of the major threats to marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning during the Anthropocene. During the pre-industrial era, ocean surface pH dropped from around 8.2 to 8.1, an increase of 26% in H + concentration, and predictions for a further drop of 0.3 to 0.5 units by 2100, under a high-emission scenario. This review will examine the currently available evidence for the effects of OA on marine organisms over a wide range of trophic levels, from primary producers like2025 phytoplankton and macroalgae up to apex predators, as well as its trophic impact o

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  21. The Role of Marine Biodiversity in Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

    Rafael Oliveira, Mariana Costa · 2025 · Aquatic Ecosystems and Environmental Frontiers

    Marine biodiversity is an emerging essential constituent of ecosystem resilience against synergistic anthropogenic impacts from climate change and ocean acidification (OA). This review provides a synthesis of current understanding and future predictions about how biological diversity mitigates marine communities against disruption from thermal extremes, disequilibrium in carbonate chemistry, and systemic food web instability. Since pre-industrial times, the surface ocean pH has fallen by roughly 0.1 units from 8.2 to 8.1, the equivalent of a 26% increase in hydrogen-ion concentration, and under high-emission scenarios, a further reduction of 0.3-0.4 pH units is predicted by 2100. Mean sea su

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