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Research papers on Water scarcity and agriculture

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  1. Water Scarcity and Wastewater Reuse in Crop Irrigation

    Nicoleta Ungureanu, Nicolae-Valentin VLĂDUT, Gheorghe Voicu · 2020 · Sustainability · 407 citations

    Due to climate change, two-thirds of mankind will face water scarcity by 2025, while by 2050, global food production must increase by at least 50% to feed 9 billion people. To overcome water scarcity, 15 million m3/day of untreated wastewater is used globally for crop irrigation, polluting the soil with pathogens, heavy metals and excess salts. Since 10% of the global population consumes food from crops irrigated with wastewater, pathogens transmitted through the food chain cause diseases especially in young children and women. In this paper, we discuss the status of water scarcity and the challenges to food security, the reuse of wastewater in agriculture and the possible risks to human and

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  2. Coping with water scarcity: water saving and increasing water productivity

    A. Hamdy, R. Ragab, Elisa Scarascia‐Mugnozza · 2003 · Irrigation and Drainage · 333 citations

    Abstract The increasing scarcity of water in dry areas is now a well‐recognized problem. According to the World Commission on Environment and Development, approximately 80 countries with 40% of the world population already suffer from serious water shortages. At present, water shortages have led most of arid and semi‐arid countries to increase food imports because the local agricultural sector is not able to produce sufficient food to fill the existing food gaps. The increasing food gaps are posing serious challenges beyond the economic and political capacity required for the necessary adjustments concerning the allocation and use of water in all sectors, particularly agriculture. The agricu

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  5. Water Scarcity and the Impact of the Mining and Agricultural Sectors in Chile

    Douglas Aitken, Diego Andres Rivera, Álex Godoy‐Faúndez, et al. · 2016 · Sustainability · 149 citations

    Chile contains some of the driest areas in the world, yet human activities in these areas require large volumes of water, the result is regions experiencing high water scarcity leading to environmental degradation, conflicts and reduced industrial productivity. The aim of this paper was to quantify the water scarcity in the central and northern regions by calculating the water scarcity index—the ratio of annual water demand to availability. A focus of the paper was to determine the impact of the main industries in each region and investigate the benefit of implementing water reduction strategies within these industries. The water resources of each investigated region were found to be greatly

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  6. Water scarcity and the impact of improved irrigation management: a computable general equilibrium analysis

    Alvaro Calzadilla, Katrin Rehdanz A, Richard S.J. Tol · 2010 · Agricultural Economics · 134 citations

    Increasing water scarcity combined with an increasing demand for food and water for irrigation call for a careful revision of water use in agriculture. Currently, less than 60% of all the water used for irrigation is effectively used by crops. Based on the new version of the GTAP-W model we analyze the effect of potential water savings and the welfare implications of improvements in irrigation efficiency worldwide. The results show that a water policy directed to improve irrigation efficiency led to global and regional water savings, but it is not beneficial for all regions. The final effect on regional welfare will depend on the interaction of several different causes. For instance, higher

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  7. Water Scarcity and Irrigation Efficiency in Egypt

    Rehab Osman, Emanuele Ferrari, Scott McDonald · 2016 · Water Economics and Policy · 60 citations

    This study provides quantitative assessments of the impacts of efficiency enhancement for different types of irrigation water under water scarcity conditions. It employs a single country CGE (STAGE 2) model calibrated to an extended version of a recently constructed SAM for Egypt 2008/09. The SAM segments the agricultural accounts by season and by irrigation scheme, including Nile- and groundwater-dependent as well as rain-fed agricultural activities. The simulations show that Egypt should manage potential reductions in the supply of Nile water with more efficient irrigation practices which increase the productivity of Nile water, groundwater and irrigated land. The results suggest a more am

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  9. Addressing water scarcity in agricultural irrigation: By exploring alternative water resources for sustainable irrigated agriculture

    Amgad Elmahdi · 2024 · Irrigation and Drainage · 37 citations

    Abstract This review paper addresses challenges in the water sector, particularly in irrigated agriculture, aiming to propose solutions for meeting irrigation demands while promoting global food security and sustainable development, notably SDG 6. Structured around three facets: empowering farmers, strengthening conventional sources of irrigation water and harnessing non‐conventional water resources, it emphasizes the significance of exploring blue water resources due to precipitation variability. Many irrigation systems operate below efficiency, offering productivity enhancement opportunities. Water management in agriculture spans various levels, involving farmers as key stakeholders. In ad

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  11. Managing irrigation under increasing water scarcity

    Soumya Balasubramanya, Nicholas Brozović, Ram Fishman, et al. · 2022 · Agricultural Economics · 29 citations

    Abstract With rising physical and economic scarcity of water, increasing or sustaining agricultural production while limiting or reducing consumptive water use is an urgent challenge. This article examines the case of four countries—India, China, western United States, and Israel—where there is a long history of irrigated agriculture with significant public and private investments, to identify key themes for managing irrigation under increasing physical and economic water scarcity. The focus of irrigation management has expanded from investing in irrigation infrastructure to reforming institutions; strengthening policies pertaining to irrigation prices and rights; using incentives to reward

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  13. Irrigation efficiency and water withdrawal in US agriculture

    Haoying Wang · 2019 · Water Policy · 15 citations

    To meet future food demand and sustainability requirements of society, the agriculture sector faces challenges in both the institutional dimension and the technological dimension. One of the main concerns regarding the current agricultural production pattern is the tremendous amount of water it requires to maintain and boost output. With a changing climate and increasing demand from civil uses, promoting both water allocation efficiency and water application efficiency becomes the focus of policy design. The unintended consequences of water policies, however, have led to extensive debates. This study addresses the key question of whether irrigation efficiency improvement leads to reduced per

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  17. Tackling water scarcity in agriculture—Asian Development Bank's perspective

    Kenichi Yokoyama · 2024 · Irrigation and Drainage · 1 citations

    ‘Tackling water scarcity in agriculture’, which is the theme of the 25th Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), is at the crux of the global challenge of ensuring a climate‐resilient and water‐ and food‐secure world for future generations. The Asian region faces significant threats due to its high vulnerability to climate change impacts and growing food insecurity and water stress across many river basins. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is stepping up assistance in line with the international commitments by the multilateral financial institutions. There are significant opportunities that are tapped to address this theme, including (i) exploring and repl

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  18. Irrigation water demand management to address water scarcity

    Hassen Abdelhafid, Ines Gharb, Ahlem Maarouf · 2022 · Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture · 1 citations

    Improving irrigation water productivity is one of the most important ways to deal with water scarcity. Water pricing is considered a crucial tool for water demand management. This research aims atestimating the price elasticity of irrigation water demand in public and private areas of Nadhour using an Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS). The paper assesses the economic performance of farming system and compares the value of marginal productivity (VMP) of irrigation water to the prices of water. A structured questionnaire and field visits were used to collect data from 140 farmers. Results show that irrigation water demand is less responsive to water price variation. Estimated elasticitie

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