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Research papers on Immigration and the labor market

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  1. Immigrant Inflows, Native Outflows, and the Local Labor Market Impacts of Higher Immigration

    David Card · 1997 · National Bureau of Economic Research · 1,096 citations

    More than one million new immigrants currently enter the United States every year. In this paper I use 1990 Census data to study the effects of immigrant inflows on the local labor market opportunities of natives and older immigrants. I depart from the previous literature by classifying new immigrants, older immigrants, and natives into distinct skill groups, and focusing on skill- group-specific outcomes within cities. Recent immigrants tend to be disproportionately concentrated in the lowest skill groups, although the makeup of immigrant inflows to individual cities varies with the source countries of the immigrants. An important first question is whether the arrival of new immigrants gene

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  2. Native Internal Migration and the Labor Market Impact of Immigration

    George J. Borjas · 2006 · The Journal of Human Resources · 439 citations

    This paper presents a theoretical and empirical study of how immigration influences the joint determination of the wage structure and internal migration behavior for native-born workers in local labor markets. Using data from the 1960–2000 decennial censuses, the study shows that immigration is associated with lower in-migration rates, higher out-migration rates, and a decline in the growth rate of the native workforce. The native migration response attenuates the measured impact of immigration on wages in a local labor market by 40 to 60 percent, depending on whether the labor market is defined at the state or metropolitan area level.

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  3. Rethinking the Effects of Immigration on Wages

    Gianmarco I.P. Ottaviano, Giovanni Peri · 2006 · National Bureau of Economic Research · 375 citations

    This paper asks the following question: what was the effect of surging immigration on average and individual wages of U.S.-born workers during the period 1990-2004?We emphasize the need for a general equilibrium approach to analyze this problem.The impact of immigrants on wages of U.S.-born workers can be evaluated only by accounting carefully for labor market and capital market interactions in production.Using such a general equilibrium approach we estimate that immigrants are imperfect substitutes for U.S.-born workers within the same education-experience-gender group (because they choose different occupations and have different skills).Moreover, accounting for a reasonable speed of adjust

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  6. The Effects of Immigration on the Labor Market Outcomes of Natives

    Joseph G. Altonji, David Card · 1989 · National Bureau of Economic Research · 144 citations

    This paper examines the effects of immigration on the labor market outcomes of less-skilled natives.Working from a simple model of a local labor market, we show that the effects of immigration can be estimated from the correlations between the fraction of immigrants in a city and the employment and wage outcomes of natives.The size of the effects depend on the fraction and skill composition of the immigrants.We go on to compute these correlations using city-specific outcomes for individuals in 120 major SMSA's in the 1970 and 1980 Censuses.We also use the relative industry distributions of immigrants and natives to provide a direct assessment of the degree of labor market competition between

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  7. THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON THE LABOR MARKET

    Anthony Edo · 2018 · Journal of Economic Surveys · 126 citations

    Abstract The literature on the impact of immigration on the labor market is highly controversial. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature and draw some general conclusions on how wages and employment respond to immigration. Economic studies indicate that the impact of immigration on the average wage and employment of native workers is null or slightly positive. However, because adjustments take time, the immediate labor market effects of unexpected (as opposed to expected) migration episodes can be detrimental. Immigration also can have distributional consequences. In particular, the skill composition of immigrants matters in determining their impact on native labor market

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  9. Interacting Product and Labor Market Regulation and the Impact of Immigration on Native Wages

    Susanne Prantl, Alexandra Spitz‐Oener · 2014 · SSRN Electronic Journal · 8 citations

    Does interacting product and labor market regulation alter the impact of immigration on wages of competing native workers? Focusing on the large, sudden and unanticipated wave of migration from East to West Germany after German reunification and allowing for endogenous immigration, we compare native wage reactions across different segments of the West German labor market: one segment without product and labor market regulation, to which standard immigration models best apply, one segment in which product and labor market regulation interact, and one segment covering intermediate groups of workers. We find that the wages of competing native West Germans respond negatively to the large influx

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