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Papers on “income inequality population health outcomes”

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1. Is Income Inequality a Determinant of Population Health? Part 1. A Systematic Review

   John William Lynch, George Davey Smith, Sam B. Harper, et al. · 2004 · Milbank Quarterly · 938 cites

   This article reviews 98 aggregate and multilevel studies examining the associations between income inequality and health. Overall, there seems to be little support for the idea that income inequality is a major, generalizable determinant of population health differences within or between rich countries. Income inequality may, however, directly influence some health outcomes, such as homicide in some contexts. The strongest evidence for direct health effects is among states in the United States, but even that is somewhat mixed. Despite little support for a direct effect of income inequality on health per se, reducing income inequality by raising the incomes of the most disadvantaged will impr

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2. Income inequality, primary care, and health indicators.

   Leiyu Shi, Barbara H. Starfield, Bruce P. Kennedy, et al. · 1999 · PubMed · 279 cites

   BACKGROUND: The significant association of income inequality with a variety of health indicators is receiving increasing attention. There has also been increasing evidence of a link between primary care and improved health status. We examined the joint relationship between income inequality, availability of primary care, and various health indicators to determine whether primary care has an impact on health indicators by modifying the adverse effect of income inequality. METHODS: Our ecologic study used the US states as the units of analysis. In analyzing the data, we looked at the associations among income inequality, primary care, specialty care, smoking, and health indicators, using Pears

3. Reexamining the Evidence of an Ecological Association between Income Inequality and Health

   Jennifer M. Mellor, Jeffrey D. Milyo · 2001 · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · 271 cites

   Several recent studies have made the provocative claim that income inequality is an important determinant of population health. The primary evidence for this hypothesis is the repeated finding--across countries and across U.S. states--that there is an association between income inequality and aggregate health outcomes. However, most of these studies examine only a single cross section of data and employ few (or even no) control variables. We examine the relationship between income inequality and aggregate health outcomes across thirty countries over a four-decade span and across forty-eight U.S. states over five decades. In large part, our findings contradict previous claims.

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4. Income inequality and population health

   J. P Mackenbach · 2002 · BMJ · 234 cites

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5. Is Income Inequality a Determinant of Population Health? Part 2. U.S. National and Regional Trends in Income Inequality and Age‐ and Cause‐Specific Mortality

   John William Lynch, George Davey Smith, Sam B. Harper, et al. · 2004 · Milbank Quarterly · 169 cites

   This article describes U.S. income inequality and 100-year national and 30-year regional trends in age- and cause-specific mortality. There is little congruence between national trends in income inequality and age- or cause-specific mortality except perhaps for suicide and homicide. The variable trends in some causes of mortality may be associated regionally with income inequality. However, between 1978 and 2000 those regions experiencing the largest increases in income inequality had the largest declines in mortality (r= 0.81, p < 0.001). Understanding the social determinants of population health requires appreciating how broad indicators of social and economic conditions are related, at di

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6. Income Inequality, Trust, and Population Health in 33 Countries

   Frank J. Elgar · 2010 · American Journal of Public Health · 147 cites

   OBJECTIVES: I examined the association between income inequality and population health and tested whether this association was mediated by interpersonal trust or public expenditures on health. METHODS: Individual data on trust were collected from 48 641 adults in 33 countries. These data were linked to country data on income inequality, public health expenditures, healthy life expectancy, and adult mortality. Regression analyses tested for statistical mediation of the association between income inequality and population health outcomes by country differences in trust and health expenditures. RESULTS: Income inequality correlated with country differences in trust (r = -0.51), health expenditu

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7. Income inequality and health: the role of population size, inequality threshold, period effects and lag effects

   Naoki Kondo, Rob M. van Dam, Grace N. Sembajwe, et al. · 2011 · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · 121 cites

   BACKGROUND: Income inequality has been associated with worse health outcomes in several but not all studies. The heterogeneity across studies may be explained by the variations in the size of area or population over which income inequality was evaluated. Moreover, the studies above a certain inequality threshold, conducted more recently, and incorporating a time lag may have stronger associations between income inequality and health. The authors investigated if the strength of the association between income inequality and health was altered by these factors. METHODS: The authors conducted a multivariate meta-regression analysis using nine multilevel cohort studies on income inequality and mo

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8. Is Exposure to Income Inequality a Public Health Concern? Lagged Effects of Income Inequality on Individual and Population Health

   Jennifer M. Mellor, Jeffrey D. Milyo · 2003 · Health Services Research · 117 cites

   OBJECTIVE: To examine the health consequences of exposure to income inequality. DATA SOURCES: Secondary analysis employing data from several publicly available sources. Measures of individual health status and other individual characteristics are obtained from the March Current Population Survey (CPS). State-level income inequality is measured by the Gini coefficient based on family income, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau and Al-Samarrie and Miller (1967). State-level mortality rates are from the Vital Statistics of the United States, other state-level characteristics are from U.S. census data as reported in the Statistical Abstract of the United States. STUDY DESIGN: We examine the ef

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