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Research papers on Small modular reactors

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  1. Progress in electrical energy storage system: A critical review

    Haisheng Chen, Thang Ngoc Cong, Wei Yang, et al. · 2009 · Progress in Natural Science Materials International · 3,713 citations

    Electrical energy storage technologies for stationary applications are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to pumped hydroelectric storage, compressed air energy storage, battery, flow battery, fuel cell, solar fuel, superconducting magnetic energy storage, flywheel, capacitor/supercapacitor, and thermal energy storage. Comparison is made among these technologies in terms of technical characteristics, applications and deployment status.

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  2. Emerging small modular nuclear power reactors: A critical review

    Esam M.A. Hussein · 2020 · Physics Open · 180 citations

    This paper reviews the smallness, modularity and reactor-design aspects of emerging small modular reactors (SMRs). It is shown that small (whether in physical size or power level) reactors are not new, but offer economic and flexibility advantages that allow their use in a variety of applications. The different definitions of modularity are reviewed, including modularity in design, process intensification, manufacturing and construction. It is shown that these forms of modularity when applied to SMRs have some advantages, but also have some challenges that need to be addressed if their full potential is to be realized. Even if these forms of modularity are not fully utilized, the lower power

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  3. Nuclear waste from small modular reactors

    Lindsay Krall, Allison Macfarlane, Rodney C. Ewing · 2022 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 128 citations

    Small modular reactors (SMRs; i.e., nuclear reactors that produce <300 MW elec each) have garnered attention because of claims of inherent safety features and reduced cost. However, remarkably few studies have analyzed the management and disposal of their nuclear waste streams. Here, we compare three distinct SMR designs to an 1,100-MW elec pressurized water reactor in terms of the energy-equivalent volume, (radio-)chemistry, decay heat, and fissile isotope composition of (notional) high-, intermediate-, and low-level waste streams. Results reveal that water-, molten salt–, and sodium-cooled SMR designs will increase the volume of nuclear waste in need of management and disposal by factors o

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  4. Overview of Small Modular and Advanced Nuclear Reactors and Their Role in the Energy Transition

    J. Nøland, M. Hjelmeland, Christian Hartmann, et al. · 2025 · IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion · 31 citations

    There is an unprecedented need to expand the toolbox of solutions to boost the scalability of clean power and energy systems. Amidst this challenge, nuclear energy is increasingly recognized as an important player in the path toward deep decarbonization of the global energy mix. This paper presents a technology review of small modular reactor (SMR) concepts currently under development and deployment. Both conventional and next-generation reactor technologies are evaluated with a focus on potential power system integration benefits, added system values, and provision of system-bearing services. Nevertheless, there are currently some uncertainties in the techno-economic competitiveness of SMRs

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  5. The Future of Nuclear Energy: Key Chemical Aspects of Systems for Developing Generation III+, Generation IV, and Small Modular Reactors

    K. Kiegiel, Dagmara Chmielewska-Śmietanko, I. Herdzik-Koniecko, et al. · 2025 · Energies · 20 citations

    Nuclear power plants have the lowest life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions intensity and produce more electricity with less land use compared to any other low-carbon-emission-based energy source. There is growing global interest in Generation IV reactors and, at the same time, there is great interest in using small modular reactors. However, the development of new reactors introduces new engineering and chemical challenges critical to advancing nuclear energy safety, efficiency, and sustainability. For Generation III+ reactors, water chemistry control is essential to mitigate corrosion processes and manage radiolysis in the reactor’s primary circuit. Generation IV reactors, such as molten salt

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  6. Carbon reduction and nuclear energy policy U-turn: the necessity for an international treaty on small modular reactors (SMR) new nuclear technology

    Chinenye Nriezedi-Anejionu · 2024 · Carbon Management · 8 citations

    Abstract Pressure to reduce carbon emission and meet Net-zero targets is forcing countries to re-introduce nuclear energy in their energy-mix. As a result, many countries have re-classified nuclear energy as a green energy to encourage investments and developments in this sector. Further, advances in nuclear energy technology have led to the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMR), which has continued to stimulate increasing interests from both developed and developing countries. Hence, it is expected that in the coming years, there would be increased deployment of SMR across the globe. This renewed interest in nuclear energy and expected global deployment of the novel SMR, would encount

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