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Research papers on Solar panel efficiency

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  1. Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells

    Akihiro Kojima, Kenjiro Teshima, Yasuo Shirai, et al. · 2009 · Journal of the American Chemical Society · 22,999 citations

    Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals, CH(3)NH(3)PbBr(3) and CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3), were found to efficiently sensitize TiO(2) for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells. When self-assembled on mesoporous TiO(2) films, the nanocrystalline perovskites exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors. The CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)-based photocell with spectral sensitivity of up to 800 nm yielded a solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%. The CH(3)NH(3)PbBr(3)-based cell showed a high photovoltage of 0.96 V with an external quantum conversion efficiency of 65%.

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  2. Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites

    Michael M. Lee, Joël Teuscher, Tsutomu Miyasaka, et al. · 2012 · Science · 10,638 citations

    The energy costs associated with separating tightly bound excitons (photoinduced electron-hole pairs) and extracting free charges from highly disordered low-mobility networks represent fundamental losses for many low-cost photovoltaic technologies. We report a low-cost, solution-processable solar cell, based on a highly crystalline perovskite absorber with intense visible to near-infrared absorptivity, that has a power conversion efficiency of 10.9% in a single-junction device under simulated full sunlight. This "meso-superstructured solar cell" exhibits exceptionally few fundamental energy losses; it can generate open-circuit photovoltages of more than 1.1 volts, despite the relatively narr

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  10. Incorporation of rubidium cations into perovskite solar cells improves photovoltaic performance

    Michael Saliba, Taisuke Matsui, Konrad Domanski, et al. · 2016 · Science · 3,306 citations

    Improving the stability of perovskite solar cells Inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells have poor long-term stability because ultraviolet light and humidity degrade these materials. Bella et al. show that coating the cells with a water-proof fluorinated polymer that contains pigments to absorb ultraviolet light and re-emit it in the visible range can boost cell efficiency and limit photodegradation. The performance and stability of inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells are also limited by the size of the cations required for forming a correct lattice. Saliba et al. show that the rubidium cation, which is too small to form a perovskite by itself, can form a lattice with cesium and organ

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  11. High-efficiency solution-processed perovskite solar cells with millimeter-scale grains

    Wanyi Nie, Hsinhan Tsai, Reza Asadpour, et al. · 2015 · Science · 3,286 citations

    State-of-the-art photovoltaics use high-purity, large-area, wafer-scale single-crystalline semiconductors grown by sophisticated, high-temperature crystal growth processes. We demonstrate a solution-based hot-casting technique to grow continuous, pinhole-free thin films of organometallic perovskites with millimeter-scale crystalline grains. We fabricated planar solar cells with efficiencies approaching 18%, with little cell-to-cell variability. The devices show hysteresis-free photovoltaic response, which had been a fundamental bottleneck for the stable operation of perovskite devices. Characterization and modeling attribute the improved performance to reduced bulk defects and improved charg

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  12. High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells.

    J. Y. Kim, Jin‐Wook Lee, H. Jung, et al. · 2020 · Chemical reviews · 2,791 citations

    With rapid progress in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) to reach 25%, metal halide perovskite-based solar cells became a game-changer in a photovoltaic performance race. Triggered by the development of the solid-state perovskite solar cell in 2012, intense follow-up research works on structure design, materials chemistry, process engineering, and device physics have contributed to the revolutionary evolution of the solid-state perovskite solar cell to be a strong candidate for a next-generation solar energy harvester. The high efficiency in combination with the low cost of materials and processes are the selling points of this cell over commercial silicon or other organic and inorganic so

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  14. Perovskite solar cells: an emerging photovoltaic technology

    Nam‐Gyu Park · 2014 · Materials Today · 2,066 citations

    Perovskite solar cells based on organometal halides represent an emerging photovoltaic technology. Perovskite solar cells stem from dye-sensitized solar cells. In a liquid-based dye-sensitized solar cell structure, the adsorption of methylammonium lead halide perovskite on a nanocrystalline TiO 2 surface produces a photocurrent with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of around 3–4%, as first discovered in 2009. The PCE was doubled after 2 years by optimizing the perovskite coating conditions. However, the liquid-based perovskite solar cell receives little attention because of its stability issues, including instant dissolution of the perovskite in a liquid electrolyte. A long-term, stable,

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  16. Toward the Commercialization of Perovskite Solar Modules

    Pengchen Zhu, Chuanlu Chen, Jiaqi Dai, et al. · 2024 · Advanced Materials · 282 citations

    Perovskite (PVSK) photovoltaic (PV) devices are undergoing rapid development and have reached a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.1% at the cell level. Tremendous efforts in material and device engineering have also increased moisture, heat, and light‐related stability. Moreover, the solution‐process nature makes the fabrication process of perovskite photovoltaic devices feasible and compatible with some mature high‐volume manufacturing techniques. All these features render perovskite solar modules (PSMs) suitable for terawatt‐scale energy production with a low levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). In this review, the current status of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and module

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  17. Thin‐film solar cells exceeding 22% solar cell efficiency: An overview on CdTe-, Cu(In,Ga)Se2-, and perovskite-based materials

    M. Powalla, S. Paetel, E. Ahlswede, et al. · 2018 · Applied Physics Reviews · 228 citations

    Already, several technologies of polycrystalline thin‐film photovoltaic materials have achieved certified record small‐cell power conversion efficiencies exceeding 22%. They are CdTe, Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS), and metal halide perovskite (PSC), each named after the light-absorbing semiconductor material. Thin-film solar cells and modules require very little active material due to their very high absorption coefficient. Efficient production methods with low materials waste, moderate temperatures, attractive cost structures, and favorable energy payback times will play a strong role in market development as thin-film technologies reach full maturity, including mass production and the standardiz

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  18. An In‐Depth Investigation of the Combined Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Properties of Lead‐Free Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells Using DFT and SCAPS‐1D Frameworks

    M. Uddin, M. K. Hossain, Md Borhan Uddin, et al. · 2024 · Advanced Electronic Materials · 211 citations

    In the backdrop of today's environmental priorities, where toxicity and stability hinder lead‐based perovskite solar cell (PSC) progress, the emergence of lead‐free alternatives like Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskites has gained significance. This study revolves around the comprehensive evaluation of Cs2AgBiBr6 as a potential photovoltaic (PV) material, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations with CASTEP. Revealing a vital bandgap of 1.654 eV and emphasizing the contributions of Ag‐4d and Br‐4p orbitals, this analysis also underscores Ag atoms' dominance in charge distribution. Optically, Cs2AgBiBr6 exhibits UV absorption peaks around 15 eV, intensifying with photon energy up to 3.75 eV, hint

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  19. Advancements in Photovoltaic Cell Materials: Silicon, Organic, and Perovskite Solar Cells

    Abniel Machín, F. Márquez · 2024 · Materials · 184 citations

    The evolution of photovoltaic cells is intrinsically linked to advancements in the materials from which they are fabricated. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the latest developments in silicon-based, organic, and perovskite solar cells, which are at the forefront of photovoltaic research. We scrutinize the unique characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each material class, emphasizing their contributions to efficiency, stability, and commercial viability. Silicon-based cells are explored for their enduring relevance and recent innovations in crystalline structures. Organic photovoltaic cells are examined for their flexibility and potential for low-cost production, w

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  20. Evidence of improved power conversion efficiency in lead-free CsGeI3 based perovskite solar cell heterostructure via scaps simulation

    Abhishek Raj, Manish Kumar, H. Bherwani, et al. · 2021 · Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B. Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena · 182 citations

    Simulation has been performed on fully lead-free inorganic cesium germanium tri-iodide (CsGeI3) perovskite solar cell heterostructure and achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼18.30% with significantly improved device parameters. The influence of thickness of an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, an absorber, defect density, doping concentration, electron affinity, temperature, and series resistance issued for the optimization of the lead-free device is studied. It is confirmed via the scaps simulation results that this device is perfectly optimized with the experimental results and demonstrates the maximum possible improved power conversion efficiency in a

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  21. A modeled perovskite solar cell structure with a Cu2O hole-transporting layer enabling over 20% efficiency by low-cost low-temperature processing

    Lingyan Lin, Linqin Jiang, Ping Li, et al. · 2019 · Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids · 172 citations

    Abstract We introduce Cu2O as a hole-transporting material in perovskite solar cells. Device modeling with a configuration of glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide/ZnO/perovskite/Cu2O/carbon was performed by SCAPS, a solar cell capacitance simulator. The simulation results indicate that the device performance is greatly dependent on the defect densities and thickness of the perovskite absorber. An absorber thickness of 500 nm was optimum for efficient light absorption. The defect states at the perovskite/ZnO interface had a stronger influence on solar cell performance than those at the Cu2O/perovskite interface; therefore, to further improve photovoltaic performance, we should pay particular attent

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  22. An optimized perovskite solar cell designs for high conversion efficiency

    A. Hima, N. Lakhdar, B. Benhaoua, et al. · 2019 · Superlattices and Microstructures · 171 citations

    Abstract This paper reports the simulation and optimization of an organic/inorganic perovskite-based photovoltaic solar cell. Several structures for PSC are found in literature in order to enhance the conversion efficiency. The objectif of this work is to study and investigate different structures of solar cells based on perovskite materials to improve their performances. The simulated solar cell is made by sandwiching TiO2/Perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD layers where TiO2 is the electron transport layer (ETL), spiro-OMeTAD is the hole transport layer (HTL) and both CH3NH3PbI3 CH3NH3SnI3 are the perovskite (PVK) absorber layers. Therefore, the layer thicknesses of different materials are modified in

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  24. Large area efficient interface layer free monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with over 20% efficiency

    Jianghui Zheng, C. Lau, H. Mehrvarz, et al. · 2018 · Energy and Environmental Science · 144 citations

    Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells show great promise for further efficiency enhancement for current silicon photovoltaic technology. In general, an interface (tunnelling or recombination) layer is usually required for electrical contact between the top and the bottom cells, which incurs higher fabrication costs and parasitic absorption. Most of the monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells demonstrated use a hetero-junction silicon (Si) solar cell as the bottom cell, on small areas only. This work is the first to successfully integrate a low temperature processed (≤150 °C) planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell on a homo-junction silicon solar cell to achieve a monolithic tandem

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